Business Records Retention

What Is a Records Retention Program?

A records retention program provides for the systematic review, retention and destruction of documents received or created in the course of business. A records retention program will identify documents that need to be maintained and contain guidelines for how long certain documents should be kept and how they should be destroyed.

Why Create a Records Retention Program?

A record retention program is important for many reasons. A records retention program can protect you in litigation and help ensure compliance with federal and state laws and regulations. Evidence of a clear and consistently enforced records retention program, enacted for valid purposes, will go a long way to convince the court that the destruction of a document was reasonable.

While it is important to clear out clutter, tossing the wrong paper or deleting an important e-mail can also have bad consequences. Not having a document can mean the difference between winning and losing in a lawsuit. If a litigant requests a document that you cannot provide because it has been destroyed, then a judge or jury may be permitted to conclude that the document contained information detrimental to your position.

What concerns should be weighed?

How long to keep a document, when and how to store the document, and how to dispose of the document, will depend on the type of document. The four principles to balance when creating a records retention program are:

Is there a legal requirement for keeping the document? These include federal, state and local reporting concerning.
After the document is past its useful life, what other purpose could it serve? Could it be used to support or oppose a position in an investigation or litigation?
What is the consequence of not being able to locate the document? If the item was mentioned in a lawsuit, then suddenly destroyed, the presumption will be that the destruction was accomplished deliberately.
Can the item be reliably reproduced elsewhere if needed? Is the information available from the public library, an online source, a database, or company central files?

How do I implement a records retention program?

Once you have created your records retention program you need to communicate it with everyone in your company. The consequences of even one employee not following your program can be the difference between winning a losing a lawsuit or being in violation of privacy laws. Place the guidlines in your employee handbook and cover it every year with any changes.

How do I store the records?

The records should be stored in a secure location that is climate controlled and also has a fire supression system. Many companies find the cost of creating a storage area to be cost prohibitive. Many companies today outsource their records storage to a secure records storage company. They can provide the secure storage and even help you index your files for easy retrieval.

To get you started, here are some basic guidlines for the length to maintain your records. Laws vary by state so you shoul have your attorney review your program once it is completed.

Business Records
Type of Record	Retention Period (Years)
Articles of incorporation	Permanent
Bylaws	Permanent
Capital stock and bond records	Permanent
Contracts and agreements (government construction, partnership, employment, labor, etc.)	Permanent
Legal correspondence	Permanent
Minutes	Permanent

Financial Records
Type of Record	Retention Period (Years)
Auditors' reports	Permanent
Bank debt deduction	7
Bank deposit slips, reconciliations, statements	4
Bills of lading	4
Budgets	2
Checks - cancelled	4
Contracts - purchase and sales	4*
Credit memos	4
Depreciation records	4*
Employee expense reports	4
Employee payroll records (W-2, W-4, annual earnings records, etc.)	6*
Financial statements -- annual	Permanent
Financial statements -- interim	4
Freight bills	4
Internal reports (Work orders, sales reports, production reports)	4
Inventory lists	4
Invoices - Sales and cash register receipts, merchandise purchases	4
Invoices -- purchases (permanent assets)	4*
General ledger	Permanent
General, cash receipts, cash disbursement, and purchase journals.	Permanent
Payroll journal	4
Petty cash vouchers	4
Subsidiary ledgers (accounts receivable, accounts payable, etc.)	6
Time cards and daily time reports	4
Worthless securities	7

Personnel Records
Type of Record	Retention Period (Years)
Personnel Accident Report/Injury Claim	11
Attendance Records	4
COBRA Records	3
Employee Benefit Plans	2*
I-9 Forms	1*
Medical and Exposure Records - related to toxic substances	40
OSHA Training Documentation	3
OSHA Logs	6
Patents	Permanent
Personnel files	6*
* Retention periods begin after termination,

Inventions and Copyrights
Type of Record	Retention Period (Years)
Patents	Permanent
Copyrights	Permanent
Trademarks	Permanent
Servicemarks	Permanent

Insurance Records
Type of Record	Retention Period (Years)
Accident reports	6
Fire inspection reports	6
Group disability records	6
Insurance policies	6 *
Safety records	6
Settled insurance claims	4 *
* Retention periods begin after termination, expiration, disposal, etc. of item.

Real Estate Records
Type of Record	Retention Period (Years)
Mortgages	6 years
Contracts	6 years
Deeds	Permanent

Pension/Profit Sharing Records
Type of Record	Retention Period (Years)
Actuarial reports	Permanent
Associated ledgers and journals	Permanent
Financial statements	Permanent
IRS approval letter	Permanent
Plan and trust agreement	Permanent